“Stranger” topos in the poetry of Vasily Stus: toponymic actualizators
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/philolog0(281).2018.053-64Abstract
The toponymic field of poetic speech of Ukrainian writer Vasyl Stus has been analyzed in the articles. It has been established that it is structured according to the binary opposition principle “own – stranger”, which does not always correspond to the geographical division “Ukrainian – non-Ukrainian”. Toponyms-names of non-Ukrainian geographic objects can be classified into the following groups: 1) units that are actualizers of the “stranger” component in the corresponding binary opposition; 2) units that do not participate in the creation of a dichotomy “own – stranger” (are neutral); 3) units that transmit mythological or symbolic information, losing geographic information, and actualize the first component of the opposition “own – stranger”. The “stranger” topos of Vasyl Stus’s lyrical hero is, first of all, the Russian topos, specified by various toponyms – horonym, oikonym, hydonym, stationym, etc. The most frequent and most significant of them are the names of Sybir and Kolyma. Most toponymic actualizators of the “stranger” component are 1) clear autobiographical markers a) torture in prisons (Leninhrad, Moskva, Mordoviia, Kolyma, Sybir); b) less tragic moments, including services in the army (Ural, Pryurallia, ozero Kysehach, Tahil); 2) markers of biographies of cultural figures, which contain exclusively information about their “rabski” stages of life (Orenburh – T. Shevchenko; Saratov – M. Kostomarov; hora Vedmezha, Kem, Popiv ostriv, Solovetskyi ostriv – M. Zerov, etc.). Significantly weaker oppositional attitudes in the paradigm “own – stranger” are traced in the toponyms associated with Stus’s friends and relatives (Kura, Tsinandali – «Georgian friend» Les Shalvovych; Lytva, Vilnius, Vilniale, Viliia – «battalion doctor» Vintsas K. [Kuzmitskos]; Er[z]erum, Turechchyna – father; Zakavkazzia, Tavriia – grandfather).
In general, the problem of the onymic representation of the binary opposition “own – stranger” in the work of Ukrainian writers is promising for further research.
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